The aim of Directive (EU) 2024/1385 is to provide a European Union (EU)-wide legal basis for preventing and combatting violence against women and domestic violence. The directive aims to ensure a minimum level of protection across the EU against such violence. The law criminalises, amongst others, the following offences across the EU: non-consensual sharing of intimate images, cyberstalking, cyberharassment, and cyber incitement to hatred or violence. It applies to all victims of violence against women and domestic violence, regardless of their gender. 

More information on the EUR-lex portal.

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Back Japan: Anti-stalking Act

Japan has adopted the Anti-stalking Act which covers “Making silent calls, or calling, transmitting using a fax machine or sending text messages through any text messaging service persistently despite his/her rejections” ….  “against a person, his/her spouse, lineal blood relatives or relatives living together or any person who has a close relationship in social life with him/her for the purpose of satisfying one’s affection, including romantic feelings, toward any person or fulfilling a grudge when the said affection is unrequited.” Other provisions of the Penal Code on intimidation (article 222(19)), compulsion (223(1)), defamation (230(1) or insults (231) may also be applied.

 

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Type of cyberviolence
Actual violence
Cybercrime
Cyberharassment
Cyberviolence
Cyberviolence against journalists
Cyberviolence against women
Online hate speech and hate crime
Online sexual exploitation children
Online trafficking in human beings
Revenge porn
School harrassment
Violations of privacy
Type of measure
Criminalisation
Prevention
Prosecution
Protection
Geographical scope
Domestic
International / Multi-country
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