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Human Rights, Democracy and Rule of Law

Rule of Law 

Promoting the Rule of Law

The rule of law is a cornerstone of protecting and promoting human rights and democracy.

It guarantees that everyone is treated equally, that they have the right to challenge decisions through independent courts, and that public power is exercised transparently and accountably. This concept is essential to the Council of Europe’s mission to build strong human rights and democracy across its member states.

Council of Europe Priorities on Rule of LawIllustrative photo priorities of rule of law

  • To stop any weakening of democracy
  • To reinforce the integrity of public institutions 
  • To foster transparent, rules-based governance
  • To create a culture where equality before the law and access to justice are upheld

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Who Does What in the Council of Europe on the Rule of Law

The European Court of Human Rights plays a pivotal role in setting standards through its binding judgments on member states’ respect for human rights. The Venice Commission offers guidance on legal reforms and constitutional matters, with its Rule of Law Checklist offering an evaluation tool. Respect for the rule of law is included in every aspect of work – from making sure responses to cybercrime respect privacy and due process to ensuring that local government treats the public transparently and fairly.

Specialised bodies measure how member states respect standards: the Group of States against Corruption monitoring anti-corruption efforts and the European Commission for the Efficiency of Justice focusing on legal systems, for example.

The Council of Europe runs many projects together with governments and civil society to strengthen the rule of law.  The Council of Europe Development Bank funds projects touching on the rule of law in public administration and legal systems.

Highlights of the Council of Europe’s Work to Promotes the Rule of Law

Photo of the Venice Commission
Rule of Law Checklist

Developed by the Venice Commission, this checklist is aimed at national institutions responsible for the rule of law. 

Illustrative photo of handbook from the European Committee on Legal Co-operation
The Administration and You

A handbook on protecting individual rights in interactions with public authorities from the European Committee on Legal Co-operation. The 2024 edition addresses the impact of AI in public decision-making.

 Illustrative photo of the Tromsø Convention
Tromsø Convention

Effective since December 2020, this is the first legally binding treaty to recognise the full right to access public documents.

Key documents


Conventions