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Human Rights
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46 Member States
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Venice Commission of the Council of Europe

Individual members

Members states (61)

Flag of Albania Albania

Elira KOKONA, Substitute member

Deputy Secretary General, Council of Ministers of Albania

Flag of Algeria Algeria

Omar BELHADJ, Member

President, Constitutional Court

Leila ASLAOUI, Substitute member

Judge, Constitutional Court

Flag of Andorra Andorra

Pere VILANOVA TRIAS, Member

Emeritus Professor of Political Science and Constitutional Law, University of Barcelona

Saïda EL BOUDOUHI, Substitute member

Professor of Public Law at University Paris 8

Flag of Armenia Armenia

Vladimir VARDANYAN, Member

Chair of the Standing Committee on State and Legal Affairs, National Assembly

Davit KHACHATURYAN, Substitute member

Justice, Constitutional Court

Flag of Austria Austria

Christoph GRABENWARTER, Member

President, Constitutional Court

Katharina PABEL, Substitute member

Professor, Vienna University of Economics and Business

Flag of Azerbaijan Azerbaijan

Rövşən İSMAYILOV, Member

Judge, Constitutional Court

Flag of Belgium Belgium

Jan VELAERS, Member

Professor, University of Antwerp

Jean-Claude SCHOLSEM, Substitute member

Professor Emeritus, University of Liege

Flag of Bosnia and Herzegovina Bosnia and Herzegovina

Zlatko KNEŽEVIĆ, Member

Former President, Constitutional Court

Nedim ADEMOVIĆ, Substitute member

Lawyer

Marko BEVANDA, Substitute member

Assistant Professor, Faculty of law, University of Mostar

Flag of Brazil Brazil

Cármen Lúcia ANTUNES ROCHA, Member

Former President, Federal Supreme Court

Gilmar Ferreira MENDES, Substitute member

Justice, Federal Supreme Court

Flag of Bulgaria Bulgaria

Desislava ATANASOVA, Member

Judge, Constitutional Court

Borislav BELAZELKOV, Substitute member

Judge, Constitutional Court

Flag of Canada Canada

Hoi KONG, Member

Professor, University of British Columbia’s Peter A. Allard School of Law

Noura KARAZIVAN, Substitute member

Professor, Université de Montréal, Faculty of Law

Flag of Chile Chile

María Pía SILVA GALLINATO, Member

Judge, Constitutional Court

Nancy YÁÑEZ FUENZALIDA, Substitute member

Minister, Constitutional Court

Flag of Costa Rica Costa Rica

Fernando CASTILLO VÍQUEZ, Member

President, Constitutional Chamber of the Supreme Court

Nancy HERNANDEZ LOPEZ, Substitute member

Magistrate, Full member of the Constitutional Chamber

Flag of Croatia Croatia

Jasna OMEJEĆ, Member

Professor of Administrative Law, Law Faculty, University of Zagreb

Sanja BARIĆ, Substitute member

Professor of Constitutional Law, Law Faculty, University of Rijeka

Flag of Cyprus Cyprus

Yiasemis N. YIASEMI, Member

Judge, Supreme Court

Nicholas SANTIS, Substitute member

Judge, Supreme Court

Flag of Czechia Czechia

Veronika BÍLKOVÁ, Member, Vice-President of the Venice Commission

Professor, Law Faculty, Charles University

Tomáš LANGÁŠEK, Substitute member

Judge, Constitutional Court

Flag of Denmark Denmark

Jørgen Steen SØRENSEN, Member

Supreme Court Judge

Thomas RØRDAM, Substitute member

Former President, Supreme Court

Flag of Estonia Estonia

Lauri MÄLKSOO, Member

Professor of International Law, University of Tartu

Oliver KASK, Substitute member

President, National Election Commission

Flag of Finland Finland

Tuomas OJANEN, Member

Professor of Constitutional Law, Law Faculty, University of Helsinki

Janne SALMINEN, Substitute member

Full Professor of Public Law, Vice Dean of the Public Law Faculty, University of Turku

Flag of France France

Claire BAZY MALAURIE, Member, President of the Venice Commission

Former Member of the Constitutional Council

François SÉNERS, Substitute member

Member, Constitutional Council

Flag of Georgia Georgia

Mindia UGREKHELIDZE, Member

Former judge at the European Court of Human Rights, Professor, Head of the Department for Legal Studies, Caucasus International University

 

Flag of Germany Germany

Angelika NUSSBERGER, Member

Former Vice-President of the Venice Commission, Former Vice-President of the European Court of Human Rights, Professor, University of Cologne, Director, Institute for Eastern European Law

Andreas PAULUS, Substitute member

Former Justice of the Federal Constitutional Court, Director, Institute of International and European Law, University of Göttingen

Flag of Greece Greece

Nicos C. ALIVIZATOS, Member

Professor of Constitutional Law, Athens Law School

Panayotis VOYATZIS, Substitute member

Lawyer, General Court of the European Union

Flag of Hungary Hungary

András Zs. VARGA, Member

President of Kúria (Supreme Court of Hungary), Professor, Faculty of Law and Political Sciences, Pázmány Péter Catholic University

András MÁZI, Substitute member

Deputy State Secretary for Coordination, Ministry of Justice

Flag of Iceland Iceland

Herdis KJERULF THORGEIRSDOTTIR, Member

Former Vice-President of the Venice Commission, Attorney at Law

Thorgeir ÖRLYGSSON, Substitute member

Former President, Supreme Court

Hjortur TORFASON, Substitute member

Former Judge, Supreme Court

Flag of Ireland Ireland

Richard BARRETT, Member

Law Reform Commissioner, Law Reform Commission of Ireland

Mary O'TOOLE, Substitute member

Senior Counsel, Member of the Bar of Ireland

Flag of Israel Israel

Talia EINHORN, Member

Professor of Law (em.), Ariel University and Visiting Senior Researcher, Coller School of Management, Tel-Aviv University

Chagai VINIZKY, Substitute member

Senior Lecturer, Academic College of Law & Science, Head of the Begin Institute of Law and Zionism

Flag of Italy Italy

Marta CARTABIA, Member, Vice-President of the Venice Commission

Former Minister of Justice, Former President, Constitutional Court

Cesare PINELLI, Substitute member

Head of the Public Law Section, Legal Science Department, "La Sapienza" University

Flag of Kazakhstan Kazakhstan

Elvira AZIMOVA, Member

Chair, Constitutional Court

Yerlan SARSEMBAYEV, Substitute member

Minister of Justice

Flag of Korea, Republic of Korea, Republic of

Kiyoung KIM, Member

Justice, Constitutional Court

Noh Kong LEE, Substitute member

Vice Minister of Justice, Ministry of Justice

Flag of Kosovo Kosovo

Qerim QERIMI, Member

Professor, Law Faculty, University of Pristina

Kushtrim ISTREFI, Substitute member

Assistant Professor of Human Rights Law and Public International Law, the Netherlands Institute of Human Rights (SIM), Utrecht University

Flag of Kyrgyzstan Kyrgyzstan

Aiaz BAETOV, Member

Minister of Justice

Murat UKUSHEV, Substitute member

Head of Legal Support Department, Administration of the President of the Republic

Flag of Latvia Latvia

Irēna KUCINA, Member

President, Constitutional Court

Mārtiņš MITS, Substitute member

Judge, Constitutional Court

Flag of Liechtenstein Liechtenstein

Peter BUSSJÄGER, Member

Judge, Constitutional Court

Wilfried HOOP, Substitute member

Partner, Hoop & Hoop

Flag of Lithuania Lithuania

Dainius ŽALIMAS, Member

Dean of the Law Faculty, Vytautas Magnus University, Kaunas

Inga MILAŠIŪTĖ, Substitute member

Member, Central Electoral Commission

Flag of Luxembourg Luxembourg

Claudia MONTI, Member

Ombudsman

Noémie SADLER, Substitute member

Defence lawyer, President of the Advisory Commission on Human Rights

Flag of Malta Malta

Michael FRENDO, Member

Former Vice-President of the Venice Commission, Former Speaker of the House of Representatives

Flag of Mexico Mexico

Mónica Aralí SOTO FREGOSO, Member

President, Federal Electoral Tribunal

Felipe DE LA MATA PIZAÑA, Substitute member

Judge, Federal Electoral Tribunal

Flag of Moldova, Republic of Moldova, Republic of

Domnica MANOLE, Member

President, Constitutional Court

Olesea STAMATE, Substitute member

MP, Chair of the Committee for Legal Affairs, Immunities and Appointments, Parliament

Flag of Monaco Monaco

Bertrand MATHIEU, Member

Professor Emeritus, Faculty of Law, Sorbonne-University Paris I, President Emeritus, The French Association of Constitutional Law

Christophe SOSSO, Substitute member

Defence Lawyer, Court of Appeal

Flag of Montenegro Montenegro

Srdjan DARMANOVIĆ, Member

Former Minister of Foreign Affairs, Professor of Comparative Politics, University of Montenegro

Zoran PAZIN, Substitute member

Former Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Justice

Flag of Morocco Morocco

Nadia BERNOUSSI, Member

Professor of Constitutional Law, Mohammed VI University

Ahmed Essalmi El Idrissi ESSALMI, Substitute member

Member, Constitutional Court

Flag of Netherlands Netherlands

Martin KUIJER, Member, Vice-President of the Venice Commission

Judge, Supreme Court

Janneke GERARDS, Substitute member

State Councillor, Advisory Division, Council of State, Professor, Institute of Constitutional, Administrative Law and Legal Theory, Utrecht University School of Law

Flag of North Macedonia North Macedonia

Renata DESKOSKA, Member

Professor of Constitutional Law, University “Ss. Cyril and Methodius”, Law Faculty “Iustinianus Primus”, Former Minister of Justice

Jeton SHASIVARI, Substitute member

Professor of Constitutional and Administrative Law, Faculty of Law, South East European University

Flag of Norway Norway

Eirik HOLMØYVIK, Member

Professor of Law, University of Bergen

Adele MATHESON MESTAD, Substitute member

Director, Norwegian National Human Rights Institution

Flag of Peru Peru

Gustavo GUTIÉRREZ TICSE, Member

Judge, Constitutional Court

Manuel MONTEAGUDO VALDEZ, Substitute member

Judge, Constitutional Court

Flag of Poland Poland

Justyn PISKORSKI, Member

Judge, Constitutional Tribunal

Joanna LEMANSKA, Substitute member

Judge, President of the Extraordinary Review and Public Affairs Chamber, Supreme Court

Flag of Portugal Portugal

António Silva Henriques GASPAR, Member

Judge Councillor, Supreme Court of Justice, Former President of the Supreme Court and of the High Judicial Council

Rui Filipe SERRA SERRÃO PATRÍCIO, Substitute member

Partner, Morais Leitão, Galvão Teles, Soares da Silva & Associados, Visiting Professor, NOVA School of Law - Universidade NOVA de Lisboa

Flag of Romania Romania

Laura-Iuliana SCÂNTEI, Member

Judge, Constitutional Court

Liviu Ilie DUMITRU, Substitute member

Director, International Law and EU Law Division, Ministry of Foreign Affairs

Flag of San Marino San Marino

Fabio GIOVAGNOLI, Member

Deputy Head, National Court of the Republic of San Marino

Flag of Serbia Serbia

Vladan PETROV, Member

Judge, Constitutional Court, Professor, Law Faculty, Belgrade University

Maja PRELIĆ SIMOVIĆ, Substitute member

Deputy Director, Judicial Academy of the Republic of Serbia

Flag of Slovak Republic Slovak Republic

Jana BARICOVÁ, Member

Judge, Constitutional Court

Peter MOLNAR, Substitute member

Judge, Constitutional Court

Flag of Slovenia Slovenia

Nina BETETTO, Member

Judge, Supreme Court

Saša ZAGORC, Substitute member

Professor of Constitutional Law of the Law Faculty, University of Ljubljana

Flag of Spain Spain

Rafael BUSTOS GISBERT, Member

Professor of Constitutional Law, Complutense University of Madrid

Oscar SÁNCHEZ MUÑOZ, Substitute member

Professor of Constitutional Law, Valladolid University

Paloma BIGLINO CAMPOS, Substitute member

Full Professor of Constitutional Law, Valladolid University

Flag of Sweden Sweden

Iain CAMERON, Member

Professor, University of Uppsala

Elisabet FURA, Substitute member

Former Chief Parliamentary Ombudsman

Flag of Switzerland Switzerland

Regina KIENER, Member

Professor of Constitutional and Administrative Law, University of Zurich

Monique JAMETTI GREINER, Substitute member

Judge, Federal Tribunal

Flag of Tunisia Tunisia

Ghazi JERIBI, Member

Former Minister of Justice

Neila CHAABANE, Substitute member

Dean, Faculty of Legal, Political and Social Sciences of Tunis

Flag of Türkiye Türkiye

Yavuz ATAR, Member

Professor of Constitutional Law, Ibn Haldun University

Melek SARAL, Substitute member

Associate Professor, Social Sciences University of Ankara, Professorial Research Associate, SOAS, University of London

Flag of Ukraine Ukraine

Serhiy HOLOVATY, Member

Former Judge, Constitutional Court, Professor, University "Kyiv School of Economics"

Flag of United Kingdom United Kingdom

Timothy OTTY, Member

Barrister at Law

Murray HUNT, Substitute member

Director, Bingham Centre for the Rule of Law

Flag of United States of America United States of America

David A. KAYE, Member

Professor of Law, Irvine School of Law, University of California

Rebecca INGBER, Substitute member

Professor, Benjamin N.Cardozo School of Law, New York

Observers (4)

Flag of Argentina Argentina

Alberto Ricardo DALLA VIA, Member

President, National Electoral Chamber

José Adrian PEREZ, Substitute member

Secretary of Political and Institutional Affairs, Ministry of the Interior, Public Works and Housing

Flag of Holy See Holy See

Vincenzo BUONOMO, Member

Rector, Pontifical Lateran University of Rome

Flag of Japan Japan

Daichi ITO, Member

Deputy to the Permanent Observer to the Council of Europe, Supreme Court of Japan

Masahiro SOGABE, Substitute member

Professor, Graduate School of Law, Kyoto University

Flag of Uruguay Uruguay

Alvaro GONZÁLEZ OTERO, Member

Ambassador, Embassy of Uruguay to the Kingdom of the Netherlands

Others (5)

European Union

Hannes KRAEMER

Director – Principal Legal Adviser, European Commission - Legal Service - CFSP and External relations Team

Bernhard HOFSTÖTTER

Member of the Legal Service, European Commission

Lukasz BAUMGART

Member of the Legal Service, European Commission

Alvaro DE ELERA

Member of the Legal Service, European Commission

Organisation of American States - OAS

Organisation of American States - OAS

OSCE/ODIHR

OSCE/ODIHR

Palestine*

This designation shall not be construed as recognition of a State of Palestine and is without prejudice to the individual positions of Council of Europe member States on this issue.

Sharhabeel AL-ZAEEM

Minister of Justice

Flag of South Africa South Africa

N.N.