Knowledge hub on combating hate speech
This online space is set up as an addition to the webpage on combating hate speech, in order to present an overview of standards, knowledge, resources and tools developed by civil society organisations, academia, equality bodies and others.
The knowledge hub is developed in the framework of the European Union and Council of Europe’s project “Increasing civil society organisations’ knowledge and capacity to counter hate speech online”.
This page will be regularly updated, so it becomes a hub for various stakeholders to find information, knowledge and resources on combating hate speech.
Addressing hate speech on social media – discussion paper
This paper discusses methods to identify, monitor and counter hate speech on social media by exploring the legal, methodological and technical challenges. It provides guidance on overcoming difficulties and formulating effective strategies to combat hate. Equality bodies and governments are given specific recommendations on how to build frameworks for detecting and preventing the spread of online hate speech, including methods of education and social media regulation.
Knowledge resource
Description
Access the resource here: Discussion paper
Developed by: UNESCO
Analysis of anti-Muslim hate in the UK
This paper analyses over 16,000 reported anti-Muslim hate cases during the period 2012-2021 and situates them in a wider context of political trends and key events. The report presents qualitative and quantitative data to map trends throughout the decade. It unpacks the reasons for these patterns and makes recommendations based off its findings for how to counter anti-Muslim hate.
Access the resource here: A decade of Anti-Muslim Hate- A tell MAMA report
Developed by: Tell MAMA
Campaign against hate speech targeting women journalists
This campaign aims to raise awareness of the discrimination and hate speech faced by women journalists. It aims to combat this by celebrating them, thus constructing a narrative that counters hate. This is a regional campaign, specific to the Western Balkans, and is part of a wider project to create a safe environment for journalists and to advocate for media freedom.
Access the resource here: Women Journalists in the Frontlines
Developed by: The Safe Journalists Network
Guide on building positive and effective campaign narrative on LGBTI topics
ILGA Europe outlines ways to develop LGBTI rights campaigns using audience input to build effective counter-narratives. The resource is useful for other LGBTI rights organisations and it outlines ways to build their own narratives that challenge homophobic and transphobic statements as well as, advocate for LGBTI rights. The guide is structured in a step-by-step approach accompanied by case studies.
Access the resource here: 6 Steps Towards Effective Campaigns in the Landscape of Anti-LGBTI Forces
Developed by: ILGA Europe
Guidelines on the Identification and Investigation of Hate Crime and Hate Speech in Latvia
The NGO Mozaīka, set up to support LGBTI+ people in Latvia created these guidelines to advocate towards the protection of LGBTI+ people in Latvia. This report contributes with a detailed framework that can be adopted into legislation or by independent bodies to combat hate speech and hate crime, thus improving the protection of LGBT+ people.
Access the resource here: Guidelines on the Identification and Investigation of Hate Crime and Hate Speech in Latvia
Developed by: Mozaīka
Hate speech during the Moldova general election period 2023
This report outlines the findings from a 3-month period of monitoring hate speech in public space and the media during the Moldovan general election. The data collected through observation as well as a range of quantitative and qualitative methods, was analysed to find hate speech trends and to the highlight key perpetrators and victims. The monitoring report also provides recommendations to different stakeholders on how to better prevent and combat hate speech.
Access the resource here: Hate Speech and incitement to Discrimination
Developed by: Promo-LEX
Hate Speech: a 5-Point Test for Journalists
This guide educates journalists and editors on the importance of ethical reporting. It emphasises that the media can play an impactful role by choosing to promote hate speech or promote tolerance. By simplifying international guidance and definitions of hate speech, the resource helps journalists to recognise instances when reporting could encourage hatred and violence. The guide identifies five aspects of a news story, such as the political context, that journalists should consider carefully when reporting, then it provides a criteria list for journalists to check if their publication is ethical.
Access the resource here: Hate Speech: a 5-Point Test for Journalists
Developed by: Ethical Journalism Network
Legal measures to counter hate speech in Switzerland
This report by the Federal Office of Communications, advises policy makers in Switzerland on how to close the legislation gaps related to hate speech. Despite the difficulties in criminalising hate speech, the recommendations in this report sufficiently address these issues. It recommends actions which will strengthen the protections of digital service users in law. This includes increasing the responsibility of intermediaries to detect and prevent the spread of hate speech.
Access the resource here: Report supports proposed measures to counter the spread of illegal hate speech
Developed by: The Federal Council of Switzerland
Mapping study on the current activities and gaps in hate speech responses
This report by Facing Facts maps the resources surrounding and tackling hate speech and aims to document the current situation. It details what is currently available to combat hate speech, including methods, frameworks, research and other resources. Then, it outlines the gaps and challenges that still need to be addressed to effectively combat hate speech. By considering different frameworks for combatting hate speech, all the stakeholders involved, victims and even delving into online hate speech, this report provides a comprehensive overview that will be useful to any bodies working to combat hate speech.
Access the resource here: Current activities and gaps in hate speech responses
Developed by: Facing Facts
National multistakeholder project against hate speech, racism and xenophobia
The ALRECO project implemented by OBERAXE in Spain brings together key stakeholders (government, internet intermediaries, and civil society) involved in the prevention of online hate speech with an aim to improve the detection of hate speech and build strategies to combat it. This is done by developing search criteria and indicators to identify and measure hate speech. As part of the project, a report on EU best practices to analyse hate speech online was developed.
Access the resource here: Report on EU best practices to analyse hate speech
Developed by: The Spanish Observatory on Racism and Xenophobia (OBERAXE)
Online Content Moderation: Current Challenges in Detecting Hate Speech
This resource aims to address the issue of undetected online misogyny and racism, by algorithms and through human detectors. The resource highlights that the goal of online moderation is protecting the victims. Thus, informed by the report findings, the paper recommends several actions that should be undertaken to address online hate from a fundamental rights perspective. The recommendations are presented through the themes of, the role of civil society organisations, the use of algorithm and the impact of content moderation policies on fundamental rights.
Access the resource here: Online Content Moderation: Current Challenges in Detecting Hate Speech
Developed by: European Union Agency for Fundamental Rights
Online course for countering hate speech and far-right radicalism
European Alternatives has created a series of videos to be paired with group discussions and used as a learning tool on hate speech, human rights and action. The course has a focus on hate in Europe and explores many forms of hate including online and offline hate. The course can be used by civil society organisations to strengthen their knowledge of hate speech and human rights.
Access the resource here: Countering Hate Speech and Far Right Radicalism in CEE – Training Series
Developed by: European Alternatives
Online training resource on countering hate speech
This training resource aims to equip users with media literacy and critical thinking skills to detect and counter online hate speech. The training can be used also as a police education tool and also to support working with young people.
Access the resource here: https://counterspeech.inach.net/training/login
Developed by: INACH
Peer education to counter online hate speech targeting Roma
This resource is designed to raise awareness and achieve a positive change in attitude among young people and to counter antigypsyist hate speech online. By using a combination of peer education and monitoring in encourages young people to report and remove hate speech on social media platforms. It also contains tools for media monitoring and advocacy strategies to combat antigypsyism
Access the resource here: PECAO – ERGO Network
Developed by: European Roma Grassroots Organisations Network (ERGO)
Unboxing hate speech: collection of studies and strategies on combating hate speech
This briefing paper titled ‘Unboxing Hate Speech’ outlines and explores some recent reviews and recommendations on the regulation of hate speech. Included in this overview are resources from the Council of Europe as well as recommendations from civil society organisations. This resource guides policy makers and regulatory bodies on how to best prevent and combat hate speech by evaluating the effectiveness of existing measures and strategies.
Access the resource here: Measures and strategies for combating hate speech at the European level
Developed by: Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung
Unpacking and countering hate speech in Russian propaganda
This video series highlights the prevalence of hate speech in Russian propaganda and explains the disinformation and hate tactics used in the context of the Russian invasion of Ukraine. Through episodes of under 5-minutes long, distributed on social networking sites, the project seeks to educate a wider audience on the threat of hate speech propaganda based on disinformation.
Access the resource here: https://webportal.nrada.gov.ua/en/
Developed by: The National Council and the Centre for Countering Misinformation
