Initiatives, politiques et stratégies

The aim of Directive (EU) 2024/1385 is to provide a European Union (EU)-wide legal basis for preventing and combatting violence against women and domestic violence. The directive aims to ensure a minimum level of protection across the EU against such violence. The law criminalises, amongst others, the following offences across the EU: non-consensual sharing of intimate images, cyberstalking, cyberharassment, and cyber incitement to hatred or violence. It applies to all victims of violence against women and domestic violence, regardless of their gender.

More information on the EUR-lex portal.

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Contenu avec Type of cyberviolence Cyberharassment .

Andorra: National Plan on Prevention of Bullying and Harassment at School

Andorra has issued a National Plan of prevention of Bullying and Harassment at School 2016-2019, which identifies four typologies of harassment, namely physical, verbal, social exclusion and cyber harassment, and detailed instruments for prevention.

Austria: Book for children on the Internet risks

Austria, with the help of the Association of Internet Service Providers (ISPA), has issued an informative book in German, English and Arabic for children in order to make them aware about the risks on the Internet.

Austria: Criminalising cyberharassment

Austria criminalises in §107c of the Penal Code the “Persistent harassment involving telecommunication or computer systems”: “(1) Any person who, using a telecommunication or computer system in a manner that can cause unreasonable interference with the lifestyle of the other person, continuously...

Chile: School violence law

Chile adopted in 2011 a “School violence law” amending the General Education Act to prevent psychological and physical violence in school, including bullying. The law does not impose criminal sanctions.

Council of Europe: Action against cyberviolence

The Council of Europe has been promoting the protection of children and their empowerment in a digital environment for many years, including through the current “Council of Europe Strategy for the Rights of the Child” which states that children: “... have the right to learn, play and communicate...

Council of Europe: Digital Partnership

The Council of Europe is strengthening its co-operation with the private sector in order to promote an open and safe internet, where human rights, democracy, and the rule of law are respected in the online environment. The partnership with internet companies creates a platform for enhanced...

Council of Europe: Mapping of national responses to hate speech

The Council of Europe, through different co-operation projects, engages with member State authorities and other stakeholders to support the design of comprehensive strategies against hate speech, based on a systemic design approach. This approach involves as a first key step a systemic analysis...

EU: European Institute for Gender Equality's "Orange the World"

2023

"Orange The World is 16-days of activism against gender-based violence established by the United Nations Secretary General. Every year since 2008 there has been a global call to action to increase awareness and share knowledge on various forms of violence against women. From advocacy groups to...

European Parliament and Council: Directive (EU) 2024/1385 of 14 May 2024 on combating violence against women and domestic violence

European Union-Council of Europe: Toolkit for human rights speech

Tackling hate speech can be a daunting task; do you ignore, report or engage? What is your message, who do you address and how? This online toolkit equips you with easy to use tools, checklists and resources. It will help you use counter and alternative narratives to promote human rights and...

France: Digital Republic Law sanctions against revenge porn

In 2016, France adopted the ‘Digital Republic Law,’ which entails a harsher sanctioning of those found guilty of revenge porn. Under the new legislation, perpetrators face a two-year prison sentence or a € 60 000 fine.

Germany: Action against cybermobbing

In Germany, the Government supports some initiatives in this area. For example, in 2016 the 2nd Cybermobbing Congress was hosted under the auspices of the Federal Ministry for Family Affairs, Senior Citizens, Women and Youth. Besides, the private association “Alliance against Cybermobbing” is a...

Germany: Making use of not specific to the online environment provisions

Germany– like many other States – makes use of criminal law provisions that are not specific to the online environment, such as section 238 of the German Criminal Code (Stalking), section 240 (Using threats or force to cause a person to do, suffer or omit an act), section 241 (Threatening the...

INHOPE: Against illegal content and activity

A leading example of cooperation among national hotlines is INHOPE (International Association of Internet Hotlines). It is a network of associations focused on responding to criminally illegal content and activity, in particular concerning child sexual abuse material, online grooming and online...

Israel: Offline provisions for online cases

Israel also applies provisions of the Criminal Code and other laws, such as the Protection of Privacy Act (1982) or the Prevention of Sexual Harassment Act (1998) for conduct online. For example, article 3(a) of the Israeli Prevention of Sexual Harassment Act (1998) states that a sexual...

Israel: Tackling offences against minors online

In Israel, the Ministry of Public Security, together with the Israeli Police, has recently founded a unit dedicated to tackle offences committed against minors online. The new unit, named "the 105 unit", will operate in four different levels: First, the unit includes a national call center...

Italy: Campaign against cyberbullying

In Italy, the Ministry of Education has launched a specific campaign to address cyberbullying, creating a permanent observatory for every region of Italy and publishing educational materials (text and multimedia) on a specific website. Part of this plan was the establishment of a national...

Italy: Regulation for the safeguarding of minors and the prevention and tackling of cyberbullying

Italy in May 2017 adopted law no. 71/2017, entitled “Regulation for the safeguarding of minors and the prevention and tackling of cyberbullying”. Article 1 of the law defines cyberbullying as “whatever form of psychological pressure, aggression, harassment, blackmail, injury, insult, denigration,...

Japan: Anti-stalking Act

Japan has adopted the Anti-stalking Act which covers “Making silent calls, or calling, transmitting using a fax machine or sending text messages through any text messaging service persistently despite his/her rejections” …. “against a person, his/her spouse, lineal blood relatives or relatives...

Liechtenstein: provisions applied to cyberviolence

Liechtenstein applies provisions of its Criminal Code, such as § 105 – Coercion, § 106 - Aggravated coercion, § 107 - Dangerous threat, § 107a - Persistent stalking, § 111 – Defamation, § 112 - False accusation, or § 115 – Insult, but also offences against computers and data.

Mauritius: Awareness campaign on cyberbullying and cyberviolence

In Mauritius, the National Computer Board has issued a Guideline on Social Networks and a booklet entitled “Online Responsible Choices for Youngsters” that is an awareness campaign with considerations on combating cyberbullying and cyberviolence, focusing on the idea of respecting the rights of...

Mexico: National Center for Attention to Cybercrimes against Minors

Mexico has established the National Center for Attention to Cybercrimes against Minors (CENADEM) within the Scientific Division of the Federal Police. The CENADEM is the unit in charge of collaborating with the executive, federal and judiciary authorities, social actors, academic institutions and...

No Hate Speech Movement

The No Hate Speech Movement is a youth campaign led by the Council of Europe Youth Department seeking to mobilise young people to combat hate speech and promote human rights online. Launched in 2013, it was rolled out at the national and local levels through national campaigns in 45 countries....

Norway: Action against cyberviolence

In Norway, several public and private initiatives have been undertaken. This includes the partially publicly-financed service SlettMeg.no ("DeleteMe"). This service was started and formerly run by the Norwegian Data Protection Authority, but is now a separate entity. The main service is a website...

OSCE Representative on Freedom of Media’s SOFJO project focusing on online safety of female journalists

For further information check the section: Safety of Female Journalists Online on the OSCE website

Singapore: Cyber wellness

Singapore puts emphasis on promoting “cyber wellness” within the education system. Cyber Wellness (CW) refers to the positive well-being of Internet users. It involves an understanding of online behaviour and awareness of how to protect oneself in cyberspace. The Ministry of Education uses the CW...

Slovakia: Criminal Code provisions applied to cyberviolence

Slovakia has no specific provisions on “cyberviolence” but applies a wide range of provisions of the Criminal Code such as Stalking (Section 360a of CC), Extortion (Section 189 of CC), Duress (Section 192 of CC), Sexual Exploitation (Section 201, Section 201a, Section 201b of CC), Defamation...

UK: Criminalising the sharing of private sexual content

In the UK, in April 2015 it became a criminal offence with a maximum of two years imprisonment to share private sexual photographs or videos without the subject’s consent with the intent of causing distress to those targeted. In September 2016 it was announced that more than 200 people had been...

USA: "Take it down" by the National Center for Missing & Exploited Children

2023

The National Center for Missing & Exploited Children is a child protection organization, who operates the CyberTipline – an online reporting system for all types of online child sexual abuse. They offer numerous resources and assistance to victims and survivors of child sexual abuse. "Take It...

Type of cyberviolence

Actual violence

Cybercrime

Cyberharassment

Cyberviolence

Cyberviolence against journalists

Femmes

Online hate speech and hate crime

Online sexual exploitation children

Online trafficking in human beings

Revenge porn

School harrassment

Violations of privacy

Type of measure

Criminalisation

Prevention

Prosecution

Protection

Geographical scope

Domestic

International / Multi-country

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