Initiatives, politiques et stratégies

The aim of Directive (EU) 2024/1385 is to provide a European Union (EU)-wide legal basis for preventing and combatting violence against women and domestic violence. The directive aims to ensure a minimum level of protection across the EU against such violence. The law criminalises, amongst others, the following offences across the EU: non-consensual sharing of intimate images, cyberstalking, cyberharassment, and cyber incitement to hatred or violence. It applies to all victims of violence against women and domestic violence, regardless of their gender.

More information on the EUR-lex portal.

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ASEAN: 2019 Declaration and Plan of Action to combat online child sexual exploitation and abuse (OCSEA)

In 2019, The Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN), with the support of UNICEF and ECPAT International, adopted two key documents that reflect ASEAN governments’ commitment to combat online child sexual exploitation and abuse: the Declaration on the Protection of Children from all forms...

Australia: call for 100,000 happy pictures of children to facilitate online child sexual exploitation and abuse (OCSEA) investigations

In July 2022, AiLecs lab, a project developed by Monash University and the Australian federal police, launched a call named "My Pictures Matter", asking internet users above 18 to share happy pictures of their childhood. By memorizing these images, artificial intelligence (AI) investigative tools...

Council of Europe Campaign: Sexism: See it. Name it. Stop it.

Sexism is any expression (by an act, gesture, image or word) based on the idea that some people (usually women) are inferior because of their gender. Sexism is harmful because it produces feelings of inferiority, worthlessness and self-censorship. It can also induce negative changes in behaviour...

Council of Europe HELP tutored courses and OSCE’s Office of Democratic Institutions (ODIHR): Hate Speech and Hate Crime

This free online course has been developed as a joint initiative by the European Programme for Human Rights Education for Legal Professionals “HELP” of the Council of Europe and the OSCE’s Office of Democratic Institutions and Human Rights (ODIHR). As of 4 July 2022, the HELP course courses have...

Council of Europe: Action against cyberviolence

The Council of Europe has been promoting the protection of children and their empowerment in a digital environment for many years, including through the current “Council of Europe Strategy for the Rights of the Child” which states that children: “... have the right to learn, play and communicate...

Council of Europe: HELP Online Training Course for judges, prosecutors, lawyers, law enforcement officials and other professionals

The course is designed to equip judges, prosecutors, lawyers, law enforcement officials and other professionals to effectively apply the standards developed under the Council of Europe Convention on Action against Trafficking in Human Beings in their daily work. It is built up from a human-rights...

Council of Europe: Recommendation CM/Rec(2022)16 of the Committee of Ministers to member States on combating hate speech

A Committee of Experts on Combating Hate Speech (ADI/MSI-DIS) was set up by the Committee of Ministers under Article 17 of the Statute of the Council of Europe and in accordance with Resolution CM/Res(2011)24 on intergovernmental committees and subordinate bodies, their terms of reference and...

Council of Europe: Recommendation CM/Rec(2024)4 of the Committee of Ministers to member States on combating hate crime

A Committee of Experts on Combating Hate Crime (PC/ADI-CH) was set up by the Committee of Ministers under Article 17 of the Statute of the Council of Europe and in accordance with Resolution CM/Res(2021)3 on intergovernmental committees and subordinate bodies, their terms of reference and working...

EU: European Institute for Gender Equality's "Orange the World"

2023

"Orange The World is 16-days of activism against gender-based violence established by the United Nations Secretary General. Every year since 2008 there has been a global call to action to increase awareness and share knowledge on various forms of violence against women. From advocacy groups to...

European Commission: EU Strategy on Combatting Trafficking in Human Beings (2021-2025)

The EU takes a comprehensive approach to combatting trafficking in human beings, from prevention through protection of victims to prosecution and conviction of traffickers. The EU Strategy on Combatting Trafficking in Human Beings (2021-2025) identifies four areas of action: Reduce the demand...

European Commission: Regulation Proposal on Child Sexual Abuse Material (CSAM)

May 2022 Brussels, Belgium

In May 2022, the European Commission proposed a new regulation to prevent and combat online child sexual abuse. The new rules establish the creation of a new independent EU Centre on Child Sexual Abuse (EU Centre), clear obligations for service providers to detect, report, remove and block access...

European Commission: The EU Code of conduct on countering illegal hate speech online

To prevent and counter the spread of illegal hate speech online, in May 2016, the Commission agreed with Facebook, Microsoft, Twitter and YouTube a “Code of conduct on countering illegal hate speech online”. In the course of 2018, Instagram, Snapchat and Dailymotion took part to the Code of...

European Court of Human Rights Case law on hate speech

European Court of Human Rights Case law on hate speech >>

European Union-Council of Europe: Toolkit for human rights speech

Tackling hate speech can be a daunting task; do you ignore, report or engage? What is your message, who do you address and how? This online toolkit equips you with easy to use tools, checklists and resources. It will help you use counter and alternative narratives to promote human rights and...

Europol: first episode of the Europol podcast discusses takedown of dark web platform containing child sexual abuse material (CSAM)

In August 2022, the first aired podcast episode of Europol featured experts who discussed the takedown of Boystown forum, a dark web platform containing CSAM, with the support of police agencies across the world. More information on the Europol podcast episode on protecting vulnerable children.

Hotlines: Protection of children and women

Hotlines to (a) receive complaints for child abuse and violence against women and leading to investigations or removal of content, or (b) serve as helplines to assist victims, have been available for many years. From the mid-1990s, hotlines began increasingly to address illegal material on the...

INHOPE: Against illegal content and activity

A leading example of cooperation among national hotlines is INHOPE (International Association of Internet Hotlines). It is a network of associations focused on responding to criminally illegal content and activity, in particular concerning child sexual abuse material, online grooming and online...

Lanzarote Convention: protection of children against sexual exploitation and sexual abuse

Chapter IV of the Lanzarote Conventioncomprises protective measures and assistance to victims, requiring Parties to “establish effective social programmes and set up multidisciplinary structures to provide the necessary support for the victims, their close relatives and for any person who is...

No Hate Speech Movement

The No Hate Speech Movement is a youth campaign led by the Council of Europe Youth Department seeking to mobilise young people to combat hate speech and promote human rights online. Launched in 2013, it was rolled out at the national and local levels through national campaigns in 45 countries....

OSCE Representative on Freedom of Media’s SOFJO project focusing on online safety of female journalists

For further information check the section: Safety of Female Journalists Online on the OSCE website

OSCE-ODIHR Hate Crime Reporting

Data and information is submitted by OSCE participating States, civil society and international organizations about hate crime. After collecting the data, ODIHR releases it each year on 16 November – International Tolerance Day. Data collection is the first step in efforts to address hate crime,...

Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe, and its No Hate Parliamentary Alliance

USA: "Take it down" by the National Center for Missing & Exploited Children

2023

The National Center for Missing & Exploited Children is a child protection organization, who operates the CyberTipline – an online reporting system for all types of online child sexual abuse. They offer numerous resources and assistance to victims and survivors of child sexual abuse. "Take It...

WeProtect Global Alliance: Global Taskforce on Online Child Sexual Exploitation and Abuse (OCSEA), June 2022

In June 2022, the European Union, African Union and seventeen other governments have united to lay the foundation of a Global Taskforce on Online Child Sexual Abuse. The aim of the alliance is to facilitate dialogue and cooperation among governments and across sectors, with a view to effectively...

WeProtect Global Alliance: June 2022 Summit

In June 2022, the WeProtect Global Alliance held a Global Summit on “Turning the tide on Child Sexual Abuse”. Government, civil society and private sector representatives gathered together in Brussels to discuss the scale of online child sexual exploitation and abuse, as well as measures and...

Type of cyberviolence

Actual violence

Cybercrime

Cyberharassment

Cyberviolence

Cyberviolence against journalists

Femmes

Online hate speech and hate crime

Online sexual exploitation children

Online trafficking in human beings

Revenge porn

School harrassment

Violations of privacy

Type of measure

Criminalisation

Prevention

Prosecution

Protection

Geographical scope

Domestic

International / Multi-country

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